• Preliminary/Conceptual Design
  • Proposal Development
  • Pliminary Design/Conceptual Studies
• Front End Engineering Design
  • Front End Engineering and Design
  • IP Planning & Infrastructure
  • Engineering Automation
• Detail Design/Engineering
  • Environmental Engineering
    • Environmental Engineering
  • Geotechnical Engineering
    • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Mechanical/Process Engineering
    • Mechanical/Process Engineering
  • Piping Design & Detail Engineering
    • Introduction to Detail Engineering
      • Definition of Piping Detail Engineering
      • Work Process Flow Diagram
      • Interfaces and Deliverables
      • Piping Engineering
    • Piping Layout Design
      • Piping Fundamentals
        • What is Process Piping and Power Piping
        • Piping Scope in a Project
        • What is Process Piping and Power Piping
        • What is Plant Piping System and Transportation Piplines
        • Pipe Designation,Pipe Wall Thickness & Schedule,Pipe Weights,Lengths,Grades,End Preparations,Joininig Methos,Pipe Manufacturing Methos,Pipe Ratings,Pipe Symbols
      • What are Codes & Standards
        • Codes and Standards,Purpose of Codes and Standards,Boiler Code,The History of the B31 Code,Designer’s Responsibility,ASME Codes and Standards
        • Introduction to ASME 31 Pressure Piping Code
        • Difference between ASME 31.1 & ASME 31.3
        • Some Useful Piping Standards
        • API Codes
      • What are Pipe Fittings
        • ASME Standards, Selection, Application, Drawing Symbols & Dimensioning
        • Types of Fittings – Butt Weld, Screwed & Socket Weld
        • Some Useful Piping Fitting Standards
      • Pipe Fittings
        • Elbow – 90 degree (LR & SR), 45 degree, Reducing Ell
        • Pipe Bends – Miter Bends, 180 degree Return
        • Branch Connections – Weld Straight & Reducing Tee, Cross & Lateral
        • Fabricated Branch Connections – Stub In & Stub On, Welding Minimums for Stub In
        • Branch Reinforcements – Reinforcing Pad, Welding Saddle & Olets
        • Olet Fittings – Weldolets, Sockolets, Threadolets, Latrolets, Elbolets & Sweepolets.
        • Reducers – Concentric & Eccentric, Reducer Offsets
        • Types of Couplings, Weld Cap
        • Fitting Makeup – Dimensioning, Minimum Pipe Length Requirements,Placement of Dimensions
        • Screwed & Socket Weld Fittings – Union, Plug, Coupling, Types of Swages
        • Pipe Flanges
          • Definition of Flange.ASME Standards, Symbols, Selection & Application.
          • Types of Flanges based on Face and Application, P-T. Ratings. – Forged Steel and Cast Iron Flanges
          • Flange Facings – Flat Face, Raised Face, RTJ, & Male - Female, Tongue & Groove. Flange Face Finish.
          • Weld Neck, Slip On, Threaded, Socket Weld, Lap-Joint, Reducing, Blind & Orifice Flanges.
          • Pipe Designation,Pipe Wall Thickness & Schedule,Pipe Weights,Lengths,Grades,End Preparations,Joininig Methos,Pipe Manufacturing Methos,Pipe Ratings,Pipe Symbols
        • Gaskets – Standard ,Types, Thickness
        • Bolts & Nuts-Standard ,Types, Thickness
        • Valves
          • Definition,ASME/API Standards, Symbols, Selection & Application
          • Valve Funtions, Locations & End Connections
          • Valve Selection
          • Types Of Valves
            • Gate Valve
            • Globe Valve
            • Ball Valve
            • Check Valve
            • Butterfly Valve
            • Angle Valve
            • Pressure Relief Valve & Pressure Safety Valve
            • Plug Valve
            • Needle Valve
          • Control Valve Manifold. – Layout Representation & Requirements
          • Valve Operators & Valve Layout Considerations
          • Valve Data Sheets
      • Piping Special Items
        • Strainers
        • Spectacle Blinds and Fig8
        • Blanks & Spacers
        • Steam Traps
        • Flame Arrestor
        • Hose
        • Rupture Disc
        • Spray Nozzles
        • Vortex Breaker
        • Special Flange
        • Special Valves
        • Special Fittings
      • Piping Equipments
        • Definition ,Standards, Symbols
        • Static – Horizontal Vessels, Vertical Vessels, Storage Tanks, Heat Exchanger & Reboiler.
        • Rotary – Pumps, Compressor, Fans, & Steam Turbines.
      • Piping Project Design Drawings/Documents
        • Piping Flow Diagrams PFD
        • Piping Line List and Numbering
        • Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
          • Definition,P&ID Development
          • Symbols and Abbreviation
          • P&ID and Hydrostatic Diagram
        • Utility Flow Diagrams
        • Plot Plan & Key Plan, Development and Guidelines
        • Euipment General Arrangment Drawings
        • Piping General Arrangment Drawings
          • Guidelines
          • Piping Scale and Drawing Paper Sizes
        • Pipe Rack Design
          • Guidelines
          • Width and Height Calculations
          • Rack Piping Arrangement, Anchor Bay
          • Control Station Arrangment ,Utility Station Arrangement, U -Loop Arrangments
        • Piping Isometrics
          • Isometric Drawing Definition ,Symbols , Notes, Index,
          • Single Offset & Double Offset
          • MTO for Isometric Drawing
        • Piping Spool Drawing
          • Piping Spool Drawing Definition ,Symbols , Notes, Index,
          • Types of Spool Drawings
          • Guidelines to prepare Spool Drawings
        • Piping Composite Drawings
        • Piping Hydrostatic Diagram
        • Equipment and Mechanical Drawings
        • Fabrication Drawings
        • Hook Up Instrument Drawings
        • Nozzle Orientation Drawings
        • Schematic Area distribution Drawiing
        • Vendor Mechanical and Fabrication Drawings
        • Vendor Package Skid Drawings
        • Piping Spool Drawings
        • Equipment and Mechanical Drawings
        • Fabrication Drawings
        • Piping Specification Folder-SPEC
    • Piping Materials
      • Piping Materials & Specification
        • Piping Material Classification
        • Piping Material Specification and Properties
        • Piping Materials Selection
        • Alloing Of STeel
        • Non Ferrous Piping Materials
        • Properties of Non Ferrous Piping Materials
      • ASME 31.3 :Pressure Design Of Piping & Piping Components
        • Definitions ,Conditions and Criteria
        • Scope of ASME B31.1, B31.3, B31.4 & B 31.8
        • Pressure Design of Process Piping Systems – ASME B 31.3
        • ASME B 31.3 Fluid Service Categories
        • Design Pressure & Design Temperature for Piping Systems
        • P-T Ratings of Flanges
        • Butt-weld Fittings & Socket Weld Fittings Ratings
        • MDP – Maximum Design Pressure for Piping Systems
        • Severe Cyclic Conditions
        • MAOP – Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure for Pipelines
        • Pressure Design of Straight Pipe under Internal Pressure. – Wall thickness
        • Pressure Design of Straight Pipe under External Pressure. – Wall thickness
        • Miter Bend Calculations
        • Reinforcement Pad Calculations
        • Pipeline Wall thickness Calculations – B 31.4 / B 31.8
        • Pressure Design Of Flanges and Blanks
        • Valve Data Sheets
      • Hydraulic Design Of Piping System & Pressure Drop Due to Friction
        • Velocity Variation in Pipes
        • Typical Velocities for Water Piping & Other Liquids
        • Pipe Sizing
        • Reynolds Number
        • Darcy Weisbach Equation
        • Friction Factor
        • Colebrook White Equation
        • Moody Diagram
        • Hazen Williams Equation
        • Minor Losses in Pipe Fittings – Equivalent Length Method & K-Factor method.
        • Total Pressure Required – Friction Head, Elevation Head, Minimum, Delivery Pressure
      • Design Of Pumping Piping System
        • Theaory of Pumps
        • Classification of Pumps
        • Pump Services
        • Cavitation in Pumps
        • NPSH Required & NPSH Available for Pumps
        • Water Hammer in Pumps
        • Pump Noice ,Vibration
        • Pump Controls & Valves
        • Pump System
        • Pump Performance Curves
        • Intake & Suction Piping
        • Pump Selection
        • Installation Operation and Maintenance
        • API requirement for Pumps
        • Pump Testing
    • Pipe Supports
      • Classification Of Supports- primary & Secondary
      • Anchor Support
      • Guide Support
      • Stop Support
      • Rest Support- Pipe Shoe
      • Dummy Leg or Trunnion Support
      • Field Support or Base Support
      • Rigid Hangers – Rod & Clevis, Trapeze.
      • Flexible Hangers – Variable & Constant.
    • Pipe Stress Analysis
      • Theory Of Stress Analysis
        • Introduction to Stress Analysis
        • Critical Line List
        • Information Required for Stress Analysis
        • Classification of Loads
        • Primary Loads
        • Secondary Loads
        • Static and Dynamic Analysis
        • Forces, Moment & Stress Calculations
        • Requirements of ASME B 31.3 Code – Sustained Loads, Thermal Expansion & Occasional Load
      • Pipe Span Calculations
        • Span limitations based on Stress, Deflection & Natural Frequency
        • Allowable Pipe Span Calculations
        • Suggested Pipe Support Spacing
        • Pipe Span Reduction Factor for Elbows, Concentrated Loads etc.
        • Selection of Supports
        • Location of Supports and Restraints.
        • Pump Noice ,Vibration
      • Flexiblity Analysis
        • Expansion Loops & Expansion Joints
        • Concept of Thermal Expansion
        • Providing Flexibility in Piping
        • Minimum Leg Required to Absorb Thermal Expansion
        • Types of Expansion Loops
        • Expansion Loop Sizing for Hot Piping
        • Expansion Joints – Types, Application & Selection
        • Providing Flexibility in Piping
        • Bellow Materials, Hydrostatic Test Pressure for Bellows
        • Guide Spacing for Expansion Joints
      • Layout Solutions for Weight, Thermal, Vibration & Wind Loads
        • Layout Solution for Weight Stress – Continuously Supported & Branch Pipe Allowable Spans
        • Solving Concentrated Loads and Reducing Loads on Equipment Nozzles.
        • Providing Flexibility in Piping
        • Equipment Nozzle Load Qualifications
        • Layout Solutions for Thermal Load using force & Stress Nomographs for Pump and Vessel Piping
        • Checking Piping Layout in Pipe Racks
        • Checking Piping Layout for Reciprocating Equipment
        • Checking Piping Layout for Wind Load
        • Checking Piping Layout for Pumps
      • Flexibility Analysis using ASME B 31.3 Code Equations
        • Thermal Expansion Stress - Se and Code Allowable Thermal Displacement Stress Range Sa.
        • Stress Range Reduction Factors - f
        • Bending & Torsional Stress
        • Formal Analysis Requirements
        • Inplane & Outplane Bending Moments
        • Stress Intensification Factors – SIF
        • Calculation of Thermal Expansion Stress
        • Cold Spring
        • Sustained Load Stress
          • Theories Of Failure
          • Stresses acting in Pipe due to internal Pressure
          • Sustained Loads Qualification
        • Occasional Load Stress
          • Wind Load
          • Seismic Load
          • Water Hammer Load
        • Analysing Vibrating Pipe
        • Safety Relief Valve Discharge
        • Increasing Flexibility
        • Piping Flexibility Analysis Examples
      • CAESAR – II – Pipe Stress Analysis Software
        • Introduction and Theory
        • Nozzle Thermal Growth Calculations – pumps, vessels, heat exhangers
        • Piping Input Spreadsheet
        • Modelling of Piping Isometrics – Bends, Reducers, Valves, Loops etc
        • Performing Static Analysis
        • Modifying Load Cases
        • Hanger Selection
        • Set up of Wind Load Cases
        • Set up of SUS, OPE, EXP, HYD, HGR, & OCC loads
        • Load Case Editor
        • Viewing Reports
        • Evaluating API 610 Pump Nozzle Loads
        • Practical Examples ,Analysis and Redesign
  • Civil/Structural/Architechture Engineering
    • Civil/Structural/Architechture Engineering
  • ElectricalEngineering
    • Electrical Engineering
  • Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering
    • Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering
    • Telecommunication Engineering
• Construction
  • Construction
  • Engineering Deliverable
• Start Up
  • Commisioning
• Departments within A typical EPC Project Organisation
  • Business Development Team
  • Engineering Division
  • Project Planning & Control
  • Procurement & Contracts Department
  • Quality & Administration Department
  • Safety/Environment and Health Department
  • Human Resource Department
  • Fabrication/Erection/Construction Department
  • Sustainibility ,Feedback & Costomer Support Department